Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan by abstaining from food, drink and medication from sunrise to sunset, is one of the pillars of Islam. Some Muslims may be exempt from fasting due to medical conditions. It is important to consult your doctor if you take regular medication or have any concerns.

But how does fasting affect your pancreas? How can you look after your pancreas while fasting? What should you do if you are diabetic?

What does my pancreas do?

Your pancreas, a long, flat gland located behind your stomach, plays a big role in digesting the food you eat. The pancreas produces enzymes that help break down fats, starches and proteins. It also makes hormones (chemical messengers) that play important roles, such as insulin and glucagon, which help to regulate your blood sugar levels.

What happens in my pancreas when I fast?

When you eat, your digestive system breaks down the food into glucose (a type of sugar) and the nutrients your body needs. When glucose is detected in your bloodstream, the pancreas secretes insulin, which signals cells throughout your body to absorb the sugar to use for energy. Leftover glucose is stored in your liver in the form of glycogen.
Between meals or in longer periods of fasting, insulin levels drop and your pancreas secretes the hormone glucagon which signals the liver to use its glycogen stores to provide the body with energy and keep blood sugar levels steady. When glycogen stores are used up, your body will start to break down fats to get the energy it needs.

Can I fast if I am diabetic?

Diabetes is a condition in which your body cannot absorb blood sugar properly, either because your pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin, or cells respond poorly to insulin and take in less sugar (type 2 diabetes). You may need insulin, other medications, or dietary adjustments to help regulate your blood sugar levels.
If you are diabetic, you are at risk of your blood sugar levels becoming too high (hyperglycemia) or too low (hypoglycemia), with potentially dangerous effects on your body. It is essential that you discuss with your doctor whether you can fast safely. This will depend on the type and severity of your diabetes. It is important to follow your doctor’s advice regarding diet, medication, and checking your blood sugar levels regularly.

Is fasting good or bad for my pancreas?

Research has shown that intermittent fasting, as occurs during Ramadan, may provide some general health benefits such as improved metabolism, lowered blood sugar levels and decreased inflammation. Combined with a healthy lifestyle and balanced diet, these effects may potentially help weight loss and reduce the risk of some diseases, such as obesity and cancer.
However, some research has shown that there is a higher rate of acute pancreatitis (short-term inflammation of the pancreas) during Ramadan fasting. The risk of pancreatitis is thought to be increased due to binge eating during the night, eating fatty foods, and not drinking enough water.

How can I keep my pancreas healthy during Ramadan?

Maintaining a healthy weight and lifestyle can reduce your risk of pancreatic disease:
● When breaking your fast, try not to over eat.
● Stick to a healthy balanced diet including fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein.
● Avoid fatty, salty or highly processed foods.
● Drink enough water to stay hydrated.
● While daytime exercise can be challenging during Ramadan, you can do light exercise such as going for a walk in the evening.
● Smoking increases your risk of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. If you do smoke, Ramadan can be a good time to stop. Your doctor can help if you are struggling to quit.
● If you are diabetic, discuss with your doctor how to keep your blood sugar under control.