Treatment for acute pancreatitis
With treatment, most people with acute pancreatitis completely recover. For some people the condition may recur, especially if the underlying problem, such as gallstones, has not been resolved.
Initial treatment for pancreatitis includes:
- Monitoring in hospital
- Pain relief medications
- Intravenous (IV) fluids may be required for dehydration
- As the inflammation in your pancreas improves and pain decreases, you should begin drinking clear liquids and eating bland foods
- If severe symptoms persist, a feeding tube may be required if normal eating is too painful
Once your pancreatitis symptoms are under control, a specialist team will seek to find and treat the underlying cause of your pancreatitis.
If pancreatitis is caused by excessive alcohol consumption a treatment program for alcohol addiction may be recommended.
If a medication you are taking is thought to be a cause of acute pancreatitis, your doctor may stop the medication and work with you to find alternative options.
Pancreatitis may be due to bile duct obstructions caused by gallstones or pancreatic stones. For obstructions, infections or damaged pancreatic tissue, endoscopic procedures or surgery may be advised.
Endoscopic procedures
Endoscopic procedures involve inserting a long, thin, flexible tube with a camera (an endoscope) down your throat until it reaches your small intestine, which is next to your pancreas. This can be used for pancreatic pseudocysts (a type of inflammatory cyst) or to remove bile duct obstructions or infected pancreas tissue.
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) uses an endoscope with a contrast dye to get clearer images of the pancreas, gallbladder, and related structures. ERCP can be used to diagnose the cause of pancreatitis and to remove obstructions, such as gallstones.
Surgical procedures
When surgery is recommended, this can often be done laparoscopic procedure (keyhole surgery). This involves inserting a laparoscope (an instrument with a tiny camera and light) into keyhole-sized cuts in your abdomen. Healing is usually faster than in traditional surgery. Gallbladder removal may be recommended if you have multiple episodes of painful gallstones.
Additional treatments for chronic pancreatitis
If pancreatitis becomes a long-term or chronic condition, the pancreas eventually becomes damaged so that it can’t function properly. Ongoing treatment may be required to help the body digest food and manage blood sugar, such as:
- Medications to control pain. If pain is not adequately controlled, you may be referred to a pain specialist.
- Supplemental pancreatic enzymes and insulin may be required if your pancreas is not functioning well.
- Nutritional advice from a dietitian who can help you plan low-fat meals that are high in nutrients.